Baby Sitting :: essays research papers

Four-year-olds can be a nightmare or a gold mine if you know what to do. Most of us have had encounters with a fewer of them whether they be our brothers and sisters or our neighbors children. Next time you have an encounter with one you might want to consider the following tips. Toddlers have LOTS of energy, they might mesh you around the table for hours before they tire. I can honestly say that every child has some sort of favorite character from Batman to Barbie to tellietubbies they will incessantly have one. It might help to find in advance what their favorite TV Show is and there favorite characters so you can plan to observatory a video or play with some figures of there favorite character. To help the kids to get into their nightclothes you might want to bribe them into it. Like for subject you might say "Ill let you have a pop-sickle or some popcorn if you can get ready for bed." But one thing you essential ALWAYS remember is to never ever ever under any circu mstance give them sugar before bedtime. Now that you understand how to get them calmed overthrow you should relax by letting them watch a Disney movie or a TV show. Kids under five should be in bed by no later than eight thirty no matter what the kids say. I think parents and any experienced baby-sitter will agree this is the most touchy task of the night. Almost all kids will fight to the death to avoid going to sleep. Some methods can vary from child to child depending on the view of the kids. First things first to avoid some conflict you should tell them at least an hour in advance when they will be going to bed, this gets unloosen of the argument "you never told me I had to go to bed at eight o clock." Next as bedtime arrives you should make sure they are ready for bed, odontiasis brushed, is your bed ready do you have your nightclothes on? Now for the most dreaded thing "Okay Marco and Amy its time for bed," is the way it should sound in a nice calm soothin g voice.

Ethical Dilemmas in Nursing Profession Essays -- Nursing Health

Nurses are faced with good dilemmas on a daily basis, each situation being unique and requiring the nurse to set aside their own values and beliefs in order to properly care for their patients. Situations requiring nurses to make an ethical finis are diverse and dynamic the values set out by the College of Nurses of Ontario code of ethics remains the same. Therefore, all decision based on these vales no matter of the setting and circumstances ensure consistent solutions. The scenario involves a woman who was admitted to the NICU due to complications during her sixth month of pregnancy. The patient indicated that no extraordinary measures should be make to save her baby she became go on detached when the baby developed a bleed that resulted in some permanent brain damage. The ethical dilemma arose when the experience decided to put the baby up for adoption, stating she did not have time to take care of a special needs child. This paper attempts to explain the ethical values impli cated in the scenario detailed below, in which the nurse cares for both let and baby. The client was a professional, thirty-five year old woman who had been wed for 10 years. She was of South Asian decent and hailed from a poor family background. After years of trying to start a family, she finally achieved her first pregnancy through and through in vitro fertilization. During her sixth month of pregnancy the generate started to experience complication. She was advised by the nurse and the medical team to remain on bed shack and relax. The patient confided in the nurse, that she was having trouble balancing her work life while being pregnant and became resentful when the pregnancy complication forced her into bed rest. She further confided to the nurse th... ...ent value system possessed by their clients. The nurse identified her own values in this situation and ensured that it did not impact the decision of the have her solution to the problem was soundly based on the CNO et hical values. The nurse worked with her team to ensure the best possible solution to the situation, one which would benefit the mother and child equally. The mother indicated her decision to not care for her baby and so the nurse aided her in choosing the best possible alternative. In the end the mother chose to put her baby up for adoption. Works CitedEthical values . (2009). College of Nurses of Ontario , Husted, J, & Husted, G. (2008). Ethical decision making in nursing and health care. New York Springer publication Company .Daniels, R. (2004). Nursing fundamental, caring and clinical decision making . NY Thompson Learning .

Essay --

During Thomas Jeffersons presidency, he completed a series of transactions that made America what it is today. The most famous of these transactions was the atomic number 57 Purchase. He bought a lengthy stretch of land spanning from the obvious (Louisiana) to Montana. This land was bought for approx. 15 million. This translates to about 234 million dollars in todays money (about 42 cents per acre).1 In order to explore this crudefound territory, Thomas Jefferson displace two pals off into the wilderness, along with 31 other men. These two men were Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.Meriwether Lewis was born in 1774 at his familys estate in Virginia. When Lewis was five, his father died of pneumonia and his mother shortly remarried with a retired army officer. When Meriwether was 13, he returned to Virginia and began his schooling. In 1794, Lewis signed up for the army, where he was direct to quench the Whisky Rebellion along with 13000 other Virginians. One of these men was Willi am Clark. The following year, Lewis joined the army of General Mad Anthony Wayne. He was quickly transferred to the chosen Rifle Company, which was led than none other than William Clark. The two quickly became friends but not long after being transferred, General Clark had to resign do to wellness problems. The following February, he was invited by his friend and president, Thomas Jefferson to serve as his personal secretary. The President proposed his plan to explore the United States new territory, and Lewis quickly volunteered to go. In 1803, congress approved and Meriwether began to get ready. He sent a letter to his old friend, William Clark, asking him if he wanted to go with him. He agreed and the two left with 31 other men in the spring of 1804.Willi... ...e, unlike his best friend Meriwether. Sacagawea settled down with her French husband and six years after returning from their journey, gave birth to a daughter. No one knows if this daughter lived. In 1812, William Cla rk legally adopted both of Sacagaweas Children. In the 20th century, a theory developed that Sacagawea instead lived to the age of 100 and was buried on the Wind River Indian Reservation. After close speculation, this theory was sent to rest by most historians, but you can believe what you like. William Clark, Meriwether Lewis, and Sacagawea remained friends long after their journey, and it is somewhat obvious due to the many respectful comments and other notes that involve the opinions and their friends that these people influenced each other greatly. These 35 people that returned to Virginia can be considered some of Americas greatest explorers.

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson E

The taradiddle The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson conveys the theme of duality in nature in which man is fighting himself, or in this case, another version of himself. Being a psychology major, it is interesting to see a case this serious oer how an alter ego dope inhibit the main psyche up to the point where it no longer conveys influence, but instead manipulation. In order to deduce the control an alter ego can eventually have on the individual, it is important to comprehend exactly what an alter ego is and how an individual can resort dominance all over it.A green misconception with this story is the readers belief that Dr. Jekyll suffers from schizophrenia. Schizophrenia (also called dementia praecox) is a psychotic disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of the personality, drug withdrawal from reality, hallucinations, delusions, social apathy, and emotional instability. In laymans terms, someone who suffers from schizophreni a is born with this disease and believes they hear voices, or see images, in their minds commanding them to double-dyed(a) certain tasks. They have no persuasion who the voices are or when they came to exist, but eventually they give into the demands in order to silence the voices. Subsequently, they withdraw themselves from society in the process. These symptoms do not accurately react up with the symptoms of Dr. Jekyll. Dr. Jekyll did extract himself towards the end of the story only because he could no longer manipulate his transformations. Nothing in the story reveals him being born with such(prenominal) a disease. Due to this, he cannot be classified as a schizophrenic.Another universal misconception is that Mr. Hyde is Dr. Jekylls divide personality. This seems comprehensible ... ... song represents the emotions tied in with someone who has an alter ego. The movie Mr. Brooks is a reflection of the story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and how he battled with himself to contai n control over his mind and his nature. This is how each source reflects the story of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Works CitedStevenson, R. Louis. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The Norton Anthology. New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2008. Print.Mr. Brooks. Dir. Bruce A. Evans. Perf. Kevin Costner. Blockbuster 2007, Film.Celesty. Demon Inside. Song and lyrics retrieved 3 may 2012. Hamilton, John. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Imdb.com. Web. 3 April 2012.Florentino, Sonya. Alter Ego. Poems by Sonya Florentino. New York, New York. Penguin Publishing. 2009. 48. Print. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson EThe story The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson conveys the theme of duality in nature in which man is fighting himself, or in this case, another version of himself. Being a psychology major, it is interesting to see a case this serious over how an alter ego can control t he main psyche up to the point where it no longer conveys influence, but instead manipulation. In order to understand the control an alter ego can eventually have on the individual, it is important to comprehend exactly what an alter ego is and how an individual can lose dominance over it.A common misconception with this story is the readers belief that Dr. Jekyll suffers from schizophrenia. Schizophrenia (also called dementia praecox) is a psychotic disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of the personality, withdrawal from reality, hallucinations, delusions, social apathy, and emotional instability. In laymans terms, someone who suffers from schizophrenia is born with this disease and believes they hear voices, or see images, in their minds commanding them to complete certain tasks. They have no idea who the voices are or when they came to exist, but eventually they give into the demands in order to silence the voices. Subsequently, they withdraw themselves from societ y in the process. These symptoms do not accurately match up with the symptoms of Dr. Jekyll. Dr. Jekyll did extract himself towards the end of the story only because he could no longer manipulate his transformations. Nothing in the story reveals him being born with such a disease. Due to this, he cannot be classified as a schizophrenic.Another universal misconception is that Mr. Hyde is Dr. Jekylls split personality. This seems comprehensible ... ... song represents the emotions tied in with someone who has an alter ego. The movie Mr. Brooks is a reflection of the story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and how he battled with himself to contain control over his mind and his nature. This is how each source reflects the story of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Works CitedStevenson, R. Louis. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The Norton Anthology. New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2008. Print.Mr. Brooks. Dir. Bruce A. Evans. Perf. Kevin Costner. Blockbuster 2007 , Film.Celesty. Demon Inside. Song and lyrics retrieved 3 May 2012. Hamilton, John. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Imdb.com. Web. 3 April 2012.Florentino, Sonya. Alter Ego. Poems by Sonya Florentino. New York, New York. Penguin Publishing. 2009. 48. Print.

Free Essays: There is No Certainty in Dover Beach :: Arnold Dover Beach Essays

There is No Certainty in Dover Beach    How shadow bread and butter or anything be so wonderful, but at times seem so unbearable? This is a question that Matthew Arnold may have asked himself one day, spot writing Dover Beach. This is a rime about a sea and a beach that is truly beautiful, but hold much deeper meaning than what meets the eye. The poem is written in free verse with no particular meter or rhyme scheme, although some of the words do rhyme. Arnold is the speaker speaking to soulfulness he loves. As the poem progresses, the reader sees why Arnold poses the question stated above, and why life seems to be the way it is. During the first part of the poem Arnold states, The ocean is calm tonight and in line 7, Only, from the long line of spray. In this way, Arnold is setting the mood or scene so the reader can understand the point he is trying to portray. In lines 1-6 he is talking about a very peaceful night on the ever so calm sea, with the moonlight shini ng so intensely on the land. Then he states how the moonlight gleams and is gone because the cliffs of England are standing at their highest peaks, which are block up the light of the moon. Next, the waves come roaring into the picture, as they draw back and fling the pebbles onto the shore and back out to sea again. Arnold also mentions that the shore brings the eternal strike off of sadness in, maybe representing the cycles of life and repetition. Arnold then starts describing the history of Sophocles idea of the Aegeans turbid ebb and flow. The sea is starting to become rougher and all agitated. in any case the mention of human misery implies that life begins and ends, but it can still be full of happiness, and unfortunately, at the same time, sadness. The Sea of Faith was once, too, at the full, and shine earths shore. The key word in that stanza is once, because it implies that he (Arnold) used to look at the sea in a different way than he does now. Throughout the livelong poem, Arnold uses a metaphor to describe his views and opinions. Now he only hears its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar. It seems as though Arnold is questioning his own faith. The whole poem is based on a metaphor - Sea to Faith.

Free Essays: There is No Certainty in Dover Beach :: Arnold Dover Beach Essays

There is No Certainty in Dover Beach    How can life or anything be so wonderful, but at times seem so unbearable? This is a question that Matthew Arnold may have asked himself one day, while piece Dover Beach. This is a poem about a sea and a beach that is truly beautiful, but hold much deeper meaning than what meets the eye. The poem is pen in free verse with no particular meter or rhyme scheme, although some of the words do rhyme. Arnold is the speaker speaking to someone he loves. As the poem progresses, the reader sees why Arnold poses the question stated above, and why life seems to be the way it is. During the first part of the poem Arnold states, The Sea is equanimity tonight and in line 7, Only, from the long line of spray. In this way, Arnold is setting the mood or scene so the reader can run across the point he is trying to portray. In lines 1-6 he is talking about a very peaceful night on the ever so chill out sea, with the moon frail shining so intensely on the land. Then he states how the moonlight gleams and is gone because the cliffs of England are standing at their highest peaks, which are blocking the light of the moon. Next, the waves come roaring into the picture, as they draw back and fling the pebbles onto the shore and back out to sea again. Arnold also abide bys that the shore brings the eternal note of mourning in, maybe representing the cycles of life and repetition. Arnold then starts describing the history of Sophocles idea of the Aegeans turbid ebb and flow. The sea is starting to become rougher and all agitated. Also the mention of human misery implies that life begins and ends, but it can still be full of happiness, and unfortunately, at the same time, sadness. The Sea of Faith was once, too, at the full, and round earths shore. The account word in that stanza is once, because it implies that he (Arnold) used to look at the sea in a different way than he does now. Throughout the whole poem, Arnold uses a ficti on to describe his views and opinions. Now he only hears its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar. It seems as though Arnold is questioning his own faith. The whole poem is based on a metaphor - Sea to Faith.

Preventing Environmental Damage Essay

The world is recently being beleaguered by environmental issues and problems left and right. Our planet is deteriorating rapidly, and much(prenominal) is due in large part to the activities of existence (Cline, 1992). For example, many movements and organizations notice the earths problem with respect to pollution, global warming and destruction of ecosystems (Cline, 1992). These argon environmental problems that are caused by acts of man. Therefore, the solution and more importantly, the prevention, of these problems also lie in the hands of man.More particularly, the areas where man could take steps towards correcting the revile to the environment c exclusively upon leadership to develop programs and policies designed to remedy the problem. Moreover, leaders need to use techniques to implement such programs and policies and deliver results. The participation of leaders in saving the environment is manifested in the acts of countries in taking responsibility in the prevention a nd saving the environment. As big movers of the world, and wielding great power over its citizens and private companies, countries can accomplish a great deal in preventing further environmental deadening.The different approaches in preventing the environment differ in accordance with the respective causes of the damage. Knowing the causes of environmental damage would dictate the proper actions that would prevent such damage from happening. In the case of countries responsibility in this respect, their programs of actions should consist of strict rules and regulations that limit the power of individuals, groups, and communities to exploit the environment.Countries governments are the only institutions that are given the authority and mandate to regulate the use and exploitation of natural resources. Therefore, countries should be active and vigilant in protecting their environment. For example, chromatic reef ecosystems, which are very important in maintaining the balance of life systems under the sea, are always being destroyed by abuses by man in utilizing resources from it (Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research). Thus, the main cause of destruction of coral reefs is pollution caused by man (Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research).Thus, environmental protection by countries should consist of the enactment of environmental protection measures and the formulation of appropriate environmental policies (Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research). Another illustration can be found in environmental issues surrounding the use of fossil give notices. Such use creates problems because they cause global warming, and fossil fuel is non-renewable thus, their use depletes vital resources (Benefits from Fossil Fuel affair).Countries can help prevent such environmental problems by helping the private sector develop technologies that address our dependence on fossil fuel and thereby reduce such dependence and reduce pollution (Benefits from Fossil Fuel Use ). Another example of the participation of countries in preventing environmental damage is through agencies such as the environmental Protection Agency of the United States. The agency has the jurisdiction and authority to regulate the emissions of greenhouse gases by different sources, such as new motor vehicles (Barze Jr.and Casey, 2007). The initiative of countries can also be shown through the adoption of energy saving and better products that do not cause further damage to the environment. One example can be seen in the initiative of leaders of the European Union. They decided that before the end of the decade, all European homes, offices and streets must use energy efficient lighting (EU to switch to energy-efficient bulbs. (International Report), 2007). Works Cited Barze Jr. , R. B. & Casey, T. L. (2007). The future of greenhouse gas emission regulations Massachusetts v.Environmental Protection Agency. Defense Counsel Journal 74, 269-273. Retrieved October 28, 2007, from http //galenet. galegroup. com. ezproxy1. library. arizona. edu/servlet/BCRC? vrsn=16 0&locID=uarizona_main&ste=5&docNum=A167510332 Benefits from Fossil Fuel Use. 20 Oct. 2007 . Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. Coral get down Ecosystem Integrity and Restoration Options with Watershed-based activities and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Tropical Pacific Islands. 8 Sept. 2006. 20 Oct. 2007 . Cline, W. R. (1992). The Economics of Global Warming. Washington, DC Institute for International Economics. ISBN paper 0-88132-132-X. EU to switch to energy-efficient bulbs. (International Report). (2007). Global Warming Today General OneFile. Gale. University of Arizona Library. Retrieved October 31, 2007, from http//find. galegroup. com. ezproxy1. library. arizona. edu/itx/start. do? prodId=ITOF

Outline and Evaluate the Strange Situations Essay

During the 1970s, psychologist Mary Ainsworth further expanded upon Bowlbys groundbreaking work in her now-famous Strange Situation study. The study involved observing children between the ages of 12 to 18 months responding to a emplacement in which they were briefly left alone and then reunited with their mother (Ainsworth, 1978). Based on these observations, Ainsworth concluded that there were three major styles of attachment secure attachment, ambivalent-insecure attachment, and avoidant-insecure attachment.Researchers briny and Solomon (1986) added a fourth attachment style known as disorganized-insecure attachment. Numerous studies have supported Ainsworths conclusions and additional seek has revealed that these early attachment styles bottom help predict behaviours later in life. Ainsworth and Wittig devised the strange situation to be able to test the nature of attachment systematically. The pack was to see how babes that were aged between 9 and 18 months behave under co nditions of mild stress and also invigoratedty.See more essay apa format mark is created in the strange situations by the presence of a stranger and by separation from a caregiver. This tests stranger anxiety and separation anxiety respectively. The strange situation also aims to encourage exploration by placing infants in a novel situation and thus tests the secure base concept. The research room is a novel environment, a 9 x 9 foot square marked off into 16 squares to help in recording the infants movements. The process consists of eight episodes, each designed to highlight certain behaviours.In the strange situation data is collected by a group of observers who record what the infant is doing every 15 seconds. The observer notes down which of the fol showtimeing behaviours is displaced and also scores the behaviour for intensity on a scale of 1 to 7. Ainsworth et al feature the data from several studies, to make a total of 106 middle class infants observed in the strange situa tion. They found similarities and differences in the way that infants behaved. In wrong of similarity it was noted that exploratory behaviours declined in all infants from episode 2 onwards, whereas the amount of crying increased.Proximity- seeking and contact maintaining behaviours intensified during separation and when the stranger appeared. take on resisting and proximity avoiding behaviours occurred rarely towards the caregiver prior to separation. In terms of differences, they found three main types of children , originally called A, B and C to avoid any descriptive labels. The characteristic of the main attachments types , with respect to the strange situation are secure attachment, insecure avoidant, insecure resistant and the fourth attachment type proposed by Main and Solomon (1986) is called the insecure disorganised.A criticism of this study is that there were demand characteristics present, this is when participants try to make sense of the research situation that they are in and therefore objurgate their behaviour according to it. The demand characteristics present in the strange situation are that mothers would change their behaviour in order to appear as a good mother in front of the experimenter. This is a problem because it means that the results obtained arent based on natural behaviour by the participants thus alter the conclusions gathered from the study.Another criticism of this study is that this was a lab experiment which means that the study has low ecological validity. This is because control can be exerted onto the participants by the experimenter resulting in the study lacking mundane realism. This is a problem because it means that the results cannot be generalised across other people. However there is also an emolument of a lab experiment which is that the experiment would be conducted under controlled conditions thus making the experiment more rigorous and reliable as external factors can be controlled.Since this study o nly used middle- class north Americans, this becomes a big disadvantage of this study. This is because it decreases the population validity which is the extent to which the results from this research can be generalized across other groups of people in society. This is a problem because it means that these results cannot be used against other people who are not middle class north Americans thus decreasing the validity of these results.An advantage of this study is that it is very influential as it enables us to assess whether or not children are steadfastly attached and how this attachment type relates to later behaviour. For example if a child is insecurely attached at childhood then later on at adulthood the child could have problem attaching to someone else eg. husband/child. This is a benefit as it enables us to determine which behaviour caused by parents at a childs early age causes a child to become securely and insecurely attached thus preventing any dysfunctional behaviour i n adulthood.A criticism of this study is that the childs behaviour has to be observed by someone in order to decide what the child is doing. This decreases the dependableness which is whether the results measured are consistent because there could be a difference of opinion. For example one person could say that the child is seeking and rejecting however some other person may say that the child is only seeking. This is a problem as people can have different judgements therefore this study has low reliability as who can say which opinion is correct and which isnt. It is too reliant for individual judgement.

‘Poetry Teaches Us About Life and the World Around Us

Poetry teaches us about life and the world around us. The two poems Martin and the Hand Grenade by John Foulcher and Beach Burial by Kenneth Slessor some(prenominal) discuss different aspects of war and war times teaching us about life and the world around us. Martin and the hand grenade explores the nonion that man has a violet streak which can lead to destruction, Foulcher depicts many aspects of war such as the mental impacts as well as some physical impacts and aspects of the grenade. Emphasising the balance in how adults and children interpret warfargon. Beach Burial is a recording of the poets grief for the sailors who died on a great land and sea battle in the North African campaign during WWII. On another level, it records the battle that we all fight, regardless of race or political or religious conviction, joined in the common front of humanity against death. The poem Martin and the Hand Grenade is based on a personal experience that Foulcher had while teaching at a boy s shallow in one of his history lessons, portraying the idea that adults and children have a different view of war and violence.Foulcher creates a vivid image of the incident in our minds and allows us to picture ourselves observing the hand grenade through the metaphor With his fathers gross(a) skill, Martin edges out the firing pin. Martins father is specifically referred to as having bleak skill that had once taught him how to operate the grenade. Foulcher used this adjective as an effective way of conveying his own attitude to war and violence, describing his own knowledge as bleak proving his negative attitude to the violence and destruction the Grenade causes.As Martin displays the grenade, the class pause for history symbolically showing how childrens understanding and interest in the war and many other aspects of the world around us can be enhanced through physically seeing or holding an artifact in their hands. The students ask questions, Martin metaphorically states, No -it had limited, power ten yards, then the spread, became too loose to catch a mans mortality, illustrating the capability of grenades and the violent fatalities caused by wars. also Beach Burial by Kenneth Slessor, depict aspects of war but this time of the more graphical and visual realities. A horrify image is created through personification The convoys of dead sailors come At night they sway and wander in the waters far under enabling the reader to emphasis with the soldiers that died at war. As poetry allows us to develop greater insights and learn about the world around us, Beach Burial effectively portrays the real and actual happenings of war or the aftermath of war. To pluck them from the shallows and bury them in burrows, Someone, has time for this it seems, metaphorically represents how a person, out of a mark of respect is burying the dead bodies. Emotively language promote allows the reader to learn about the world and empathise with those who experienced the war, And each cross, the driven stake of tidewood, Bears the last signature of men. Martin and the Hand Grenade focuses more on the grenade and painting a picture of the grenade and the class, allowing the reader to interpret the poem and visualise aspects related to the war and the world in general.Whereas Beach Burial focuses on not only the happenings of war, but on embedding a very strong image of war in the readers mind, allowing them to understand and feel the sadness intended by the poem. As both poems have a different way of conveying war, they still teach the reader about life and help them understand the world they are living in. Beach Burial depicts many visual aspects of the war, unlike Martin and the Hand Grenade which focuses on how Australian life has been influenced greatly mentally, emotionally and physically by several(prenominal) aspects of the war.

European society Essay

The eighteenth century saw a renewal sweeping western sandwich school of thought and a simultaneous upheaval and transformation in Western social life. In this period, the west, particularly the European ordination and country seemed cold and heartless. The dislocations of industrialization and urbanization exposed the failinges of the old system and stimulated a need for more innovative political institutions adaptable to the new socio-economic conditions. This swear for change was accompanied by strong nationalistic sentiments.Initial Western nationalism was lauded as a liberal form of mass political engagement and allegiance to the secular agency of emerging states, consistent with popular rule. Accordingly, its birth was announced with the representation, rights, and toleration of Englands constitutional monarchy and its banner the liberty, equality and fraternity of the French Revolution against absolutism. Many scholars opine the birth of the American nation from 175 0-1775 (see for example, Weeks, 1994).In the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, social, political, and economic turmoil and instability transformed many Western countries into the worlds most chaotic amphitheater of disruption. People who thought that their cultural and political borders were violated waged a series of insurrections and rebellions. This strong feeling and desire to fight violations of inalienable natural rights came to be known as nationalism. Nationalist feelings became a decisive power in the Romantic Era. In nationalism, the individual is the actually center, the arbiter, the sovereign of the universe (Kedourie, 1993, p.17).The political implication of this was that self-determination constituted the supreme good. Later political philosophers building upon Kantian ideas proposed that humanity is naturally divided into nations all(prenominal) nation has its peculiar character the source of all political power is the nation for freedom and se lf-realization, people must identify with a nation dedication to the nation-states overrides other loyalties and the primary condition of global freedom and harmony is the strengthening of the nation-state (Smith, 1983).In the early years of the twentieth century, the striking similarity displayed by the nationalist movements throughout selenium Asia derived from their common inspiration in Western ideology and their largely identical economic bases the former guiding the intellectuals who lead the movements in their individual countries the latter supplying the driving power from the masses.However, it must be pointed out that nationalist movements in this region did not have the support of more than a very small fraction of the native peoples, who for the most part are not aware that the question of autonomy even exists, and whose major concern is exactly survival (Emmerson, Mills, and Thompson, 1942). In Southeast Asia, native nationalism has been the forced growth of a tran splanted Western seed. In spite of the centrifugal forces of a plural society artificially bound together solely by the profit motive, nationalism has taken root among the indigenous peoples.It has penetrated most deeply among the native peoples who are get together by a common language, pride of race and glorious historical traditions (Emmerson, Mills, and Thompson, 1942). Thus, Within each group, nationalism has proved to be a cohesive force, conjoin people who were until its advent hardly conscious of the existence of compatriots beyond their own village, absorbing disparate religious and regional loyalties, and nationalizing such international influences as they experienced.However, from the perspectives of Southeast Asian countries as individual units, nationalism has proved a disruptive force. It has made each racial group more self-conscious, more prone to evoke itself at the expense of other groups, and either tends toward a disastrous break-up of the present mosaic by so me vigilant outsider playing upon this grave weakness in the body politic and social, or leads toward the forced assimilation of the weaker minorities by the most powerfully placed group. (Emmerson, Mills, and Thompson, 1942, p. 144)The establishment of national unity through was ingrained ingredient in the emergence of democracy. According to Marx (2003), nationalism is an essential prerequisite to democracy, since it establishes the boundaries of the community to which citizenship and rights are then accorded, without which democracy is impossible (p. 31). And the birth of nationalism was related to to the political baptism of the lower classes whose empowerment helped bring democracy, with both nationalism and democracy thereby relatively and impressively inclusive (Marx, 2003).While many have witnessed nationalism and democracy going together, for the past few years, nationalism has been largely considered a disruptive force on the prospects for democratization. For one, nati onal unity gives rise to the question of the state and its boundaries, which is believed to be more fundamental than that of regime type and that can disrupt debate about appropriate political forms. nationalism in this sense is a disruptive force because it gives rise to issues regarding religious beliefs, language, and customs.Moreover, nationalism is largely seen as being potentially disruptive to achieving democratic outcomes since it stimulates mass mobilization which frightens authoritarian rulers, create them to suppress activities that may stop the progress of the whole process of political change. The argument that nationalism is a disruptive force is validated by the experiences of southerly Europe and Latin America. The disintegration of all of the federal Communist states along republican lines adds force to this argument however, it is not as clear-cut as this in the post-Soviet experience.According to McFaul (2002), ten years after the collapse of communism, only Es tonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are democracies, while the other republics are under regimes that are either facade democracies or nondemocratic. Nationalism was also seen as a disruptive force on the eve of the First World War. It played an important role in the rivalries in the midst of superpowers Germany vs. France (revenge for 1871), Russia, vs. Austria-Hungary (expansion into Balkans), and Germany vs. Great Britain (control of seas, arms race).Nationalism was also a disruptive force regarding the emergence of unsatisfied nationalities Poles, Irish, Serbs, Czechs, and many others In Poland, following the 1830 uprising, conservatives began to drift away from nationalism. By the 1850s, only few on the right were interested in talking about nationalism, which came to be seen as a dangerous term signifying disruption, disorder, and even revolution (Porter, 2000). Within Poland itself many nobles may have shared the hopes of the Czartoryski circle, however since they could do little to further such a cause, they retreated to apolitical lives (Porter, 2000).Not only were the conservatives uncomfortable with the politics of the patriotic activists, but they found it difficult to speak the language of national romanticism. They might appreciate some of the poetry of Mickiewicz or Slowacki, but they soon discovered the disruptive force of the progressive historiosophies to which the concept of the nation had been so firmly linked. (Porter, 2000, p. 31)ReferencesEmerson, R. , Mills, L. A. , and Thompson, V. (1942). Government and Nationalism in Southeast Asia. New York show of Pacific Relations. Kedourie, E. (1993). Nationalism, 4th expanded ed.Oxford Blackwell Publishers. Marx, A. W. (2003). Faith in Nation Exclusionary Origins of Nationalism. New York Oxford University Press. McFaul, M. (2002). The Fourth Wave of Democracy and Dictatorship Noncooperative Transitions in the Postcommunist World. World Politics 54(1), 212-44. Porter, B. (2000). When Nationalism Beg an to Hate Imagining Modern Politics in Nineteenth Century Poland. New York Oxford University Press. Weeks, W. E. (1994). American Nationalism, American Imperialism An Interpretation of United States Political Economy, 1789-1861. Journal of the Early Republic, 14, 485-495.

Feminist Criticism Theory in the Novel “Harry Potter” by J.K. Rowling

Literary Criticism I Feminist Criticism theory in the novel Harry Potter by J. K. Rowling interpolation According to Peter Barrys news, Feminism was born because of women are disadvantaged by comparison with men and the unequal treatment towards women by men. Women ask for their rights, because they believed that they deserve equality. In this paper I entrust analyze the feminist approach through Harry Potter Novels by J. K. Rowling. As we all know, Joanne Kathleen Rowling a. k. a J. K. Rowling is a pistillate British novelist.These Harry Potter and his adventures novels take up gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards, sold more than 400 million copies to become the best-selling book series in hi report and been the basis for a popular series of films, in which Rowling had overall approval on the scripts as well as maintaining original control by serving as a producer on the final installment. Rowling conceived the idea for the series on a train trip from Manchester to capital of the United Kingdom in 1990. Im lucky to have an incredible female writer for this analysis, but I wont analysis this paper on the writers point of view or experience.I provide challenge the representation of women as Other, as lack, and as part of temperament. Harry potter is the story about wizard community. The main character is a male, but there are gentlemans gentlemany parts in the story where the character female give big contributions. The first until the seventh book is the story about the adventure of Harry Potter to defeat Lord Voldemort. Where the female characters show the feminism because they play important roles and described to be as powerful as well. The analysis As I mention above, I will challenge the representation of women as separate, as lack, and as part of nature through these Harry Potter novels.The main characters of this story, well, of course, is a man called Harry. Harry has a skinny friend named Hermione Granger. Hermiones described as s he has a bossy voice, bushy brown hair and large introductory teeth in the first novel, the first impression of Hermione Granger shifts away from female stereotype of beauty. The next thing I know, Hermione is an intelligent woman. She had practice around simple spell and it worked for her where there is no one in her family have magic ability at all and Ron the other Harrys close friends failed to use the spell.The other scene from Harry Potter and The Sorcerers stone novel is when Harry has to depend on Hermione when they have to pass the bar to find a stolen stone. According to traditional stereotype, women are always associated as emotionally washed-outer that men, which leads to the assumption as lack. However, in this scene, Hermione shows that she uses logic and act rationally that reveal her intelligent when there is no wizard (men or women) has uses logic to pass this obstacle before, even Harry the major character who is supposed to have more logic since he is a man, d epends on her.In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Hermione establishes S. P. E. W, S. P. E. W stands for the Society for the Promotion of Elfish Welfare, she shows us that women similarly have equivalent in social power as men have. She concerns about the house-elves fate to serve the wizard family for lifetime without being paid. For her, it is slavery, although in this brass the house-elves accept and understand their fates. Hermione decides there is a way to make a stand about elf-rights. Harry and Ron do not really support her real for this movement, but Hermione doesnt care.She struggles like what feminist do. She does the campaign that follows feminism general goal to bring positive changes in the society. Not only that, women reveals that they are weak in science and math, but great in oral communication and art. But Hermione shows that she is not only capable in Ancient Rune (some kind of language subject at their school), history of Magic, but also Herbology (some k ind of Biology subject), Potion (some kind of Chemistry subject), and Aritmanchy (some kind of Mathematic subject).She is even good in all subjects because she is the about brilliant student of the year, despite the fact that she is a muggle-born, which means she is not supposed to have Magic, but she has great ability in Hogwards. Hermione beats the other concept as a woman. Next magnificent moment from Hermione is in Harry Potter and The Sorcerers stone when she manages to free herself and releasing the boys from the launch which snares them until they cannot breathe. She performs her benignant duty to help each other, she shows us that she strong enough to depends on herself and helps her friends at the same time.Hermione, as a woman has part of human nature that a man has. In Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix, Hermione also saves her friends in the very urgent situation. When they are caught for using Umbrigdes bone marrow to communicate, Umbridge forces them to say with whom they are communicating. She almost forces Harry to answer with Cruciatus Curse to torture him. Fortunately, with her ability to control emotion and doesnt get panic, Hermione pretends to give up and will give honest answer to Umbridge. So she creates a story about weapon to trick Umbridge and bring her into The Forbidden Forest.This idea leads them into freedom. It shows Hermiones ability to think back clearly under pressure and does not let her emotion control her. Conclusion In conclusion, based on the analysis of challenging the representative of women as Other, as lack and as part of nature, Hermione has broken the concept as Other and as lack that put women in ostracize sides and proven themselves as equal to men. She also shows us that women are part of nature it shows how women have balance roles with men in the society. They have their own roles that as important as men.

Caltron Inc

Over the past ten years the importance of accounting cannot be overemphasized, as weve seen our share of bailiwick scandals. In todays society accounting principles and standards are severely important in driving the formation of financial statements. Without principles and standards, financial reporting would not fairly rescue the financial position of a company. Accounting has changed and evolved vastly over time and continues to change.Because of this I am going to breakdown the way your financial reporting squad has been recognizing revenue for the four-spotth quarter of the current year and assess the implications it may have on your financial statements. I will also take you done the process of how the accounting standards are created to give you a better understanding of what my conclusion is. Revenue Recognition Implications As you know Caltron Computers, Inc. s a in public held company with a total market capitalization in excess of $450 million, and you have a propose d secondary public stock offering coming in early February 20X2. Therefore the auditors are concerned about the impact of these transactions and want to bring it to your attention before it misrepresents the reported earnings. Caltron reported net revenues from four transactions equal to $1,710,000 in Q4, while cash received only totaled $495,000.The quality of earnings issue surfaces and gives the auditors reasons to question the accounting methods and possibly their satinpod and ethics. The company policy for recognizing revenue is when the products are shipped, and because of this, a potential issue has come about relating to some of the transactions. Typically revenues are earned when the earning process is off and an exchange has taken place. Once this happens the risks of ownership are transferred to the buyer, unless an arrangement for the sale states otherwise.Collectibility of the sales price is questionable for three of these transactions. According to FASB, revenue gener ally is realize or realizable and earned when all of the following criteria are met persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the sellers price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured. (FASB, 2008) Now I will follow this with a breakdown of all the

Film Comparative Analysis

Film Comparative Analysis The general response following the screening was a distinct realization that nobody is in a higher level the law, and that the stereotypes associated with the cono nearly left Larranaga guilty as mistakenly hitchd. (Syjuco, 2012) There is no nicety, when innocent men atomic number 18 in jail this is the main idea that the cardinal films have in common. With this, let us ask ourselves, Is there really something wrong with the Philippine and Texas justice system? Are we to admit that it is a alloy system that we have? These two films will leave our eyes wide opened to the true statement or if not, to the flaws and corruptions in the justice system, not only of our stimulate country, but also that of the otherwises. I. Background Give Up Tomorrow The documentary film is about a Filipino-Spanish student named Paco Larranaga, who was sentenced to demolition in 2004 for the double instruction execution and rape of Chiong sisters (Marijoy and Jacquelin e) in 1997. This is the story of what we now know as the Chiong Murder Case, a cebu scandal of the century.Two Chiong sisters go missing on July 16, 1997. Larranaga was one, along with six other suspects who was pinpointed by the state witness, David Rusia. David Rusia is a convicted felon and was sentenced to prison twice in the United States for other crimes. As claimed by Rusia, he was with Larranaga in Ayala Center, Cebu early in the all the sameing of July 16, that evening Larranaga says that he was at R&R Restaurant in Quezon City with his friends such fact was proven by photographs and the testimonies of his friends.The defense force presented xxxv witnesses, including Larranagas teachers and classmates at the Center for Culinary Arts (CCA) in Quezon City, who all testified under oath that Larranaga was in Quezon City, when the crime is said to have taken place in Cebu. The rill court considered these testimonies irrelevant, rejecting these as coming from friends of the ac cused, and were not admitted. The following are also evidences presented by the defense during psychometric test a)Larranaga, at that time was at a party at the R&R Restaurant along Katipunan Avenue, Quezon City, and stayed there until early morning the following day. )After the party, the logbook of the security guard at Larranagas condominium indicates that Larranaga returned to his Quezon City condominium at 245 a. m. c)Rowena Bautista, an instructor and chef at the culinary center, said Larranaga was in school from 8 a. m. to 1130 a. m. and apothegm him again at about 630 p. m on July 16. d)The schools registrar, Caroline Calleja, said she proctored a two-hour exam where Larranaga was present from 130 p. m. Larranaga attended his second round of midterm exams on July 17 commencing at 8 a. m. Only then did Larranaga leave for Cebu in the late afterwardsnoon of July 17, 1997. )Airline and airport personnel also came to court with their flight records, indicating that Larran aga did not take any flight on July 16, 1997, nor was he on board any chartered aircraft that landed in or departed from Cebu during the relevant dates, except the 5 p. m. PAL flight on July 17, 1997 from Manila to Cebu The aforementioned evidences did not prevent the article of faith of Larranaga along with his six co-accused. The trial court judge, after rendering judgment against them, was found dead in a hotel in Cebu, and allegedly committed suicide.This out of the blue(predicate) event during the Chiong murder case was proven in the film to be part of the whole scheme of putting the blame on Larranaga, and concealing the truth of the facts with regard to the murder and rape of the Chion sisters. Larranaga, along with the other co-accused were sentenced to death, and appealed later on, but all of them were denied. Considering the Filipino-Spanish nationality of Larranaga, his family asked for function from the Spanish political relation. In September 2009, the Department o f Justice approve Larranagas transfer to a Spanish prison.Thelma Chiong, the mother of the victims, expressed shock over the decision, saying that, despite Larranagas Spanish citizenship, If you committed a crime in the Philippines, you are jailed in the Philippines, despite the fact that this would constitute a breach of the treaty and thus of international law. Larranaga, escorted by two Spanish Interpol agents, left for Spain on October 6, 2009. His good behavior at the New Bilibid Prison was taken into consideration, and he will serve the rest of his sentence at the Madrid Central penitentiary at Soto del Real. The Thin Blue LineThe film is an investigation into the 1976 murder of Dallas police officer Robert Wood. Harris testified that Adams had shot and killed Wood after their car had been pulled over on their focus home from a movie. Adams claimed to know nothing of the murder, insisting that Harris had dropped him at his home two hours before it occurred. Local authorities believed Harris, and witnesses corroborated his story, leading to Adams belief and a death sentence, (which was later on changed). Randall Adams recalls the events in detail after running out of gas, he had been picked up by Harris in a stolen car.The two had gone to a movie where they drank beer and smoked marijuana, and this was the extent of their relationship. David Harris, on the other hand, also recalls the events of the evening in detail, but creates a much different impression. Adams defense attorneys thought that Harris was the killer, pointing to his past criminal record and other crimes committed the night of the murder. The film presents a series of interviews about the investigation and reenactments of the shooting, based on the testimony and recollections of Adams, Harris, and various witnesses and detectives. Two attorneys who epresented Adams at the trial where he was convicted of capital murder also appear they suggest that Adams was charged with the crime despit e the better evidence against Harris because, as Harris was a juvenile, Adams alone of the two could be sentenced to death under Texas law. II. Similarities and Differences The two films both dealt on the fact that there is a corrupt justice system. That even an innocent man can be put into jail all for the sake of concealing the truth. This idea is very obvious in the films presented, that even a man of little knowledge with the law will doubt the guilt of both, Larranaga and Adams.The idea brought up by the filmmakers of both was a frame up or cover up which lead to the conviction of innocent people. The very controlling authorities in both were the police officers, the judge, and other executive officers of the government and to add, the media, influencing the course of the trial and the impression of the masses on the suspects. In both, police authorities were overwhelmed with the idea of having someone to put the blame for the murder of the victims. They were like heroes of the overt for having solved the case and found a suspect. In which, it is very obvious that it was politically motivated.As one of the differences between the case of Larranaga and Adams, is that of having exhausted all administrative remedies. Larranaga, after being convicted in the trial court, appealed to the Supreme Court, but was not able to attain a favourable judgment. After such, taking into consideration of the dual citizenship of Larranaga, they asked for the help of Spanish government so that the death penalty be withdrawn and let him be transferred in Spain where he will serve his sentence. This however coat the way for the abolishment of death penalty by former Pres.Gloria Arroyo and the approval of Larranagas transfer. The cases of Larranaga and Adams both involved rights which were violated. As declared under the Universal solution of Human Rights (UDHR), the following are those evidently violated in the course of the whole trial of the case, (a) Article 11, par. 1, ( b) Article 9 and (c) Article 10. Article 11, par. 1 Everyone charged with a penal offense has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense.In light of this article which pertains to the right of an accused to be presumed innocent, Larranaga was outrightly charged as a criminal in the minds of the people, especially those of the Cebuanos, even before a trial was held. Aggravating this situation was the participation of the media from the start up to the end of the case, tagged as the trial of the decade. The impressions that were do by the police authorities and the media, contributed to the image of Larranaga as guilty of the crime charged.His identity was corroborated as a rich bad boy/gangster from a prominent family, in which the people presumed that they will make use of their resources to pay for witnesses and manipulate the whole case and avoid prosecution. As to the c ase of Adams, he was make fit to the image of a cop-killer as compared to Harris. The prosecution relied on the testimony of Harris that it was Adams who killed Wood, even before the start of the case, they knew already who to convict. The fact that Harris was a juvenile that time, make it more likely for Adams to commit the crime thus moving away from the presumption of his innocence. Article 9 No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. The course of Larranagas arrest came swift and unexpected and appeared to him as kidnapping. The people who arrested him were all in civilian clothes, though they looked like policemen. They did not recognize themselves when they arrested Larranaga, until they were asked by Larranagas sister. They unlawfully arrested Larranaga due to absence of warrant of arrest, in defense, they said that he committed a continuing crime.As to Adams case, he was taken into the handgrip of the police few days after the commission of the cri me. He was forced to sign a document containing an admission that he was the one who murdered Wood. The military officer even threatened him with a pistol if he will not sign it. There is no sufficient cause for his guilt. Article 10 Everyone is entitle in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.The right to a fair and speedy trial was not accorded to Larranaga, first, the media had participated a lot in drawing the image of Larranaga as the criminal. The judge also showed his justness which was really unexplainable. After having refused to accept the testimonies of witnesses of Larranaga, preventing him to take the witness stand and rendered a judgment of double life imprisonment, the judge was found in a hotel dead. by means of the series of events that had transpired, the fairness and impartiality of the trial cannot be said to be present.As in the case of Adams, it cannot be said to have been a fair trial for him because the prosecution presented fake witnesses, in which the conviction was based. There is a biased judgment and inconsideration on the merits of the case. Adams was not able to defend himself, such conviction of him was predicated on the failure of his defense lawyer to clearly establish his innocence albeit all the frame-ups that had transpired. References http//www. centerforsocialmedia. org/sites/default/files/documents/pages/interview_transciption_giveuptomorrow. pdf http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Thin_Blue_Line_(film)

Piaget vs Vygotsky Essay

Initially the arna of lifespan instruction rose due to Darwins desire to go through human evaluation (Boyd & Bee, 2006). developmental psychology is concerned with the changes of people during their life span including motor skill changes, problem solving changes, incorrupt understanding changes, but it is originally concerned with these changes during infancy and childhood (Boyd & Bee, 2006). Without any doubts, Jean Piaget (1896-1980) and Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), atomic number 18 both study contributors who kick in affect developmental psychology with their theories on human development. According to Lerman (1996), Piaget and Vygotsky belong to 2 different traditions Piaget belongs to the requireivism prospect that sees learning as construction and Vygotsky to the military action theory perspective that sees learning as an appropriation.According to Piaget, cognitive development results from the development of the brain, acquiring new abilities and bugger offs, thu s he separated development into layers (as cited in Santrock, 2008). Piaget developed four poses the sensori-motor stage (0-2 years) where the infant is trying to make sense of the world, and acquires the development of disapprove permanence (Shaffer & Kipp, 2007). The pre-operational stage (2-7 years) where row development, animism, egocentrism and the use of symbols hallmark this stage (Shaffer &Kipp, 2007).The concrete operational stage (7-11 years) where children start classifying objects and are able to conserve and think logically virtually objects and events (Shaffer & Kipp, 2007). And the formal operational stage (11 years and beyond) where children develop hypothetico-deductive reasoning and imaginary audience and believe in the uniqueness of oneself and ones experiences (Shaffer & Kipp, 2007).On the other hand, Vygotsky developed his sociocultural theory indicating that cognitive development is promoted in a sociocultural context which influences the form it takes (S haffer & Kipp, 2007). Furthermore, Vygotsky indicated that many of the childs most important cognitive functions develop from neighborly interactions with parents, teachers and other more competent associates. Moreover, Vygotsky elaborated his Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) where the child is the learner and washstand manage independently and the difference between what the children can learn with guidance of a more experienced and competent partner and expect further cognitive growth, by internalising the help of the skilled partner (Shaffer & Kipp, 2007). starting time on the debate and trying to shed light upon the different surfacees on development from Piaget and Vygotsky, the differences on self-absorbed mother tongue and language entrust be analyzed. Vygotsky in one of his main books published in 1934 mentation and Language wrote about Piaget Psychology owes a great deal to Jean Piaget. It is non an exaggeration to affirm that he revolutionised the study of chil d language and mind (Vygotsky, 1962, p.9). Though, even if he exalted Piaget he differed his approach around the concepts of egocentric lyric and egocentrism.In line with Vygotsky (1962, p. 14-15), the outcome of the observations of Piaget led him to the conclusion that childrens public lecture can be divided only in two distinct entities, the egocentric speech and socialize speech. The difference between them is due to their functions, during egocentric speech the child talks only about him having no interest in other people and expecting no answers, whereas socialized speech attempts exchanges with other people.According to Vygotsky, the conclusions of Piaget showed that the volume of preschool children talk is egocentric, though when the child reaches school age, egocentric speech declines (Vygotsky, 1962, p. 16).Vygotsky differed his view from Piaget on egocentric speech believing that it has a specific function and this function other than its communicative role, it in ad dition serves as a thinking tool and as a tool to solve problems (Vygotsky, 1962, p. 18).Piaget and Vygotsky seem to agree that inner speech develops from egocentric speech which leads to logical thinking, though Vygotsky highlighted language as an apparatus of thought other than some other way of expression. On the other hand, Piaget awarded to language a less significant role than Vygotsky toward the development of thought (Piaget, 1970).Moreover, Vygotsky praised the use of language and egocentric speech as thinking tools which promote development, but Piaget disagrees indicating that Vygotsky could non understand that egocentrism could be a main obstacle for learning, concluding that language can also overturn learning and development (Piaget, 1962). some other main issue where Vygotsky and Piaget collide is the role of the social and the role of the mortalistic(a) in learning. Piaget indicates that teaching is divided in two sides, the one is the rising soulfulness, and the other side consists of social, intellectual, and moral values that the educator attempts to transmit (Piaget, 1969).Piagets aim was to make children capture the solution of the problem on their own strength, self-regulation, and their own experiences rather than receiving help from any rules or from a more skilled individual (Piaget, 1969). Thus, Piaget points out that learning is not social, and that the individual on his own exclusively captures the surrounding knowledge. On the inauspicious, Vygotsky who belongs to the activity theory indicates that learning is an active process from the childs perspective, and that the child can duplicate culturally accumulated knowledge with assistance from social support (Vygotsky, 1962).The outstanding difference in learning is that Piaget perceives the individual as the onset of learning and also children can learn through repetitive interaction and experience with the environment, moreover the egocentric speech serves as a tool for l ogical thinking, though it can also intricate the meaning (Piaget, 1969). On the other hand, Vygotsky is emphasising more that an individual (child) cannot produce knowledge and learn without the communicatory interaction and activity of other probably more skilled individuals (Vygotsky, 1962). Thus, Piaget seems to combine and emphasise on both the individual side and the social side, whereas Vygotsky emphasises more on one side, the social side. Additionally, Vygotsky proposes that knowledge arrives from the outside, on the obdurate though Piaget points out that learning lies on a childs innate capability.Piaget was mainly affected from his biological roots which influenced his approach on human development, and Vygotsky was influenced by the Marxist tradition forming his own ideas about human development and that is where the foundational difference lies on these two approaches on the essence of humanness ( soreman & Holzman, 1993). On the contrary to Piaget who has strongly se ttled in a biological worldview and asserts human development in the adaptation to the environment, Vygotsky emphasizes on the centrality of transformative collaborative practices by individuals who do not adapt to their environment but as a full-page transform it, and through this transformation also alter themselves and acquire their own status and essence (Newman & Holzman, 1993).For Piaget what promotes cognitive growth is disequilibration, a revolution made from the nexus of two elemental processes. Concurrences with the world were either adapted, assimilated to earlier existing mental functions, or prevailing functions were altered to accommodate them. According to Piaget, there is this double connection between assimilation and accommodation highlighting that this double connection leads to cognitive growth, but none of these two functions can serve on its own the purpose of cognitive growth (Bruner, 1990).On the other hand, Vygotsky did not attribute to the mind this logi cal calculus. For Vygotsky, the mind is determined to consist of processes for attributing experience with meaning. Vygotsky indicated that meaning does not entirely depend upon language but also on the ability to apprehend the cultural context where language is used (Bruner, 1990). Vygotsky believed that cognitive growth would be promoted by acquiring essential order culturally allocated emblematical structures, with each of these symbolic structures having the ability to blend or switch pre-existing knowledge (Bruner, 1990). Additionally, these essential orders are manu concomitantured by culture and cognitive growth is not create by the biological perspective unless they are aided by language and culture which rely upon endured social interactions.Piaget was mainly concerned with the equilibrize order of mental development, whereas Vygotsky was merely concerned with how other more skilled individuals or the society carry through the cultural patterning that constructs the pro cess of cognitive growth and makes development achievable.According to Vygotskys general genetic faithfulness of cultural development any function the childe displays during his cultural development will appear two times. Firstly, it will appear in the social stage and then on the psychological stage. For Vygotsky, the unit of analysis is the individual engaging in social activities rather than psychological activity of the individuals characteristics, arguing with Piagets position that childrens development must precede learning, Vygotskys position was that the development process lies bottom of the inning the learning process.These two major theorists seem to disagree ontologically about learning due to the fact that Piaget is a constructionist and Vygotsky belongs to the activity theory. Ontologically constructivism indicates that there is no reality that exists outside of human thinking, whereas the activity theory points out that for everything that exists it does hold physi cal characteristics. Furthermore, constructivism indicates that knowledge and thinking are inextricably on peoples brains and they just construct from their personal experiences.On the contrary, the activity theory indicates that knowledge is formed from a social negotiation involving people. Another issue which differs Vygotskys approach from Piagets is that the Piagetian theory does not provoke that children perform tasks that are far away from their cognitive capabilities. The teacher simply prepares the environment for the childs developmental train of mental operations, concluding that the child is limited by its own developmental stage. On the other hand, Vygotskys zone of proximal development welcomes the child to attempt beyond its potential mental capabilities.Both theorists have contributed with their approaches of human development. The Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget and the Russian Lev Vygotsky consequently influenced from their environments and cultures and also from t heir beliefs in constructivism and the activity theory formed their approaches on human development were in some parts seem to agree, but have major differences between them.Most critiques reflecting on these two approaches seem to weigh more on Piaget due to the fact that several developmental tasks he applied on children especially in the pre-operational stage are not clearly stated and it seemed that Piaget often underestimated childrens mental capabilities. Piaget claimed that pre-operational children cannot decentre on the three mountain task though new studies have shown that by altering the objects with something more familiar, children were able to decentre.Also in some other Piagetian tasks children performed better than expected by Piaget. And that has revealed that Vygotskys approach to the socio-cultural aspect seems more appropriate than Piagets constructivist approach.REFERENCE LISTBoyd, D. & Bee, H. (2006). Lifespan Development (4th. Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ P earson.Bruner, J. (1990). Acts of meaning. Cambridge Harvard University Press.Lerman, S. (1996). Intersubjectivity in Mathematics learning A Challenge to the Radical Constructivist Paradigm? Journal for Research in Mathematics Education Vol. 27 2, pp.211-223.Newman, F., & Holzman, L. (1993). Lev Vygotsky Revolutionary Scientist. London Routledge.Piaget, J. (1962). Comments on Vygotskys critical remarks concerning The Language and Thought of the Child, and Judgement and conclude in the Child. Cambridge Massachusetts, The M.I.T.Piaget, J. (1969). Psykologi og paedagogik Copenhagen Hans Reitzell.Piaget, J. (1970). Genetic Epistemology. New York Columbia University.Santrock, J., W. (2008). A topical approach to life-span development (4th Edition). New York City McGraw- Hill.Shaffer, D., R., & Kipp, K. (2007). Developmental Psychology Childhood & Adolescence (7th Edition). Belmont Thomson Wadsworth.Vygotsky, L., S. (1962). Thought and Language Cambridge Massachusetts, The M.I.T.View as multi-pages

The Portrayal of Women in Art: 1962-2002

We drive home, more or less, as an audience become used to the idealized personation of women. Often, in particular in classical styles, they were portrayed as reclining nudes who were there for the viewers pleasure. With averted eyes, they touched themselves sensually, typically innocent and oblivious that there is soulfulness painting her for all to see. When they werent sexual-fantasy fodder, they were servile and obedientparticularly in the 1940?s and 1950?s after the end of the strong women era of World War II.They wore their tomentumcloth in perfect curls, with their perfect dresses and worked merrily away in their perfect kitchens. In Jack Levines Girl with Red Hair there is a shift away from the perfect, c be-free woman that came before. Rather, nudity is embraced as an aspect of the womans indicator rather than the viewers object. The subject confronts the viewer with her gaze. This characterization is non a portrait of a naked girl, tho rather, a girl who happens t o be naked. on that point is no trace of sexiness or sensualitywe be drawn to her face so that we whitethorn attempt to discern what this girl is thinking.Though her breasts are there, they are poorly rendered compared to the depth of her face and do not trap the eye like the neatly depicted flesh of the reclining nudes. Hotline for Troubled Teens, 1970. Joe DeMers (1910-1984). Acrylic on board, 22 ? x 18 ? in. New Britain Museum of American Art, put of Walt Reed, 2000. 45. Through both this artistic sanction of women and the then energized Feminist Movement, women became less objects for a viewers pleasure and instead independent characters. In Joe DeMers Hotline for Troubled Teens, the gender is nearly removed from the girl.She is seen wearing an over-shirt that hides her breasts and her other female features are minimized. The girl is entered into a narrativeno longer is there a displaced nude body just lying around. Instead, we are shown a girl in her not-so-ideal life. Her face is concerned and the telephone cord is wrapped about her shoulders and wrist. She appears to be entirely dismissive of her viewersbe they out on the street around her, or elsewhere. She is self-serving and concerned with only her present situation.The title even suggests that this girl is reaching out (at the time, even that would have been taboo) in order to help herselfa principle that began to empower women during the Feminist Movement. Laneisha II, 1996. Dawoud Bey (b. 1953). Polacolor ER prints, 90 x 45 3/4 in. New Britain Museum of American Art, Members Purchase Fund, 2000. 34. This is one of my favorite pieces of the collection for many a(prenominal) reasons. Predominantly, the depiction of women has centered around the ideal womanwhich, if you havent picked up a pickup lately, is typically white, attractive, young, thin and perky.The woman here, however, is the antithesis. Though she is attractive, she does not have the elegant features that a painter efficacy have looked for in the first half of the century. She is fragmented into six pieces and while they mostly match upin that there are no huge gaps of informationthere is a significant torture of her figure. Her face is extra wide and left arm seems oddly long. A clear difference amidst the perfectly kept and rendered women of the past, this modern woman allows her flaws and her discord to be reflected in between each frame.She is a woman, not an object to behold. Untitled, 2000. Cindy Sherman (b. 1954). Color photograph, edition 1/6, 32 1/2 x 22 in. Members Purchase Fund, 2000. 88. I particularly enjoy this piece for several reasons like the piece above, she is not typically beautifulparticularly for the era in which it was taken. Rather, her appearance is outdatedthick, dark eyebrows, slicked back hair and that awful blue blouse she is wearing. Instead of dismissing the woman as ugly, we are able to see past her physicality.She bears a face that almost says Yeah, so what? to her audien ce. She isnt hip, nor is she young and beautiful (as dictated by the standards of society) any more. in that location is a bluntness to this photograph that disempowers the sitter it almost seems as if shes the one judging and not vice-versa. Beauty I, 2002. Mark Catalina (b. 1965). Acrylic on canvas, 72 x 72 in. New Britain Museum of American Art, Gift of the Artist, 2003. 01 Lastly, this piece seems to me to be the most poignant out of the bunch.We are not privy to the real image, but only its negative. In form, we might recognize the person as a female. They have breasts, long move hair, jewelry some of the key indicators of what we may associate with being a woman. However, with the inverted colors, we are shown someone with manly features and thus, the lines of gender are blurred. Clearly, the makeup the subject is wearing is exaggerateddark lips and cat-like eyeshadowand further masks the various(prenominal)s gender.This piece is so inexorably tied to the way in which sex a nd gender are separated and defined. In this, the artist is redefining the appearance of women, in that women may not even be feminine at all. This piece broaches the subject of femininity and womanhood in an entirely new way, and is entirely permit in the evolving context of women in art. What do you think about the portrayal of women in art? How has it changed in the last 500 years? 50 years? 5 years? How can women gain power through representation in art? How does this compare to men in art?

The Effect of Divorce on Children

AN ESSAY The Effect of Divorce on Children Family value are highly praised. When the family is broken up it can lead to carve up and ultimately many disallow implications. So what is effect of divorce on children? Is it eer negative? Needless to say, in todays society, divorce has become a norm in our lives. Married couples today split up callable to many different reasons, either because of conflicts in the marriage, lost of romantic feelings, a spouse committing an affair or some other type of marriage problems.Most of these divorced couples start out children that are very newfangled and very often dont have an idea how to deal with an event standardized a divorce. These children will have to learn to deal with their parents divorce, sometimes at very young age, affecting them in a positive or negative way. To begin with, divorce hurts children more than parents realize. It is always a traumatic experience in a persons life, especially a childs. When parents divorce, childr en are not always understand it.This remissness can lead to problems with the childs perception of daily life. The impact divorce has on a family is more grownup to the children of the family than the parents. First of all, children have many of their own daily struggles to cope with, such as peer pressure. Adults sometimes forget what it is like to be a child. Many parents do not realize how something like divorce could possibly affect their children as much as it does themselves.As the case whitethorn be, children are strongly affected by divorce as they experience some kind of emotional change. Childrens relationships with their friends and relatives whitethorn become damaged. Secondly, divorce can as well as create an unhappy, unfriendly environment for the children. They may not like the person that their mother or father has chosen to be with. This can cause conflicts between stepparents, parents, and children. Children would as well have the mental problem of choosing w hich parent to live with.This can cause a child to be confused and stressed because of the love the child has for both parents. He or she may start to award favoritism towards one of the parents. What is more, kids may look towards other things or relationships to ensure the trust that they were deprived from. For example, children may start taking drugs to relieve them of the stress they have gone through with their parents divorce. Besides, divorce can also cause children to look at marriage as being negative rather than positive.Some children may have problems with future relationships due to the example they receive from their own parents. To my mind, divorce can have hanker lasting affects on children. Divorce will n incessantly be submited a positive solution, nor will children ever be not affected by it in a negative way. Before couples get divorce, they should consider their children first and how it will affect them. Divorce may be the way out for parents, but it always hurts childrens psychological and social health.

Medea: Passion vs. Reason

Medea Passion vs. Reason The passions are like fire, useful in a thousand ways and unreliable only in one, with their excess, stated Christian Nestell Bovee a famous mid-19th century author. Logic, like whiskey, loses its beneficial effect when interpreted in too large quantities, stated Lord Dunsany a famous Anglo-Irish writer during the 1900s. These quotes demonstrate a strong theme in the Greek play Medea written by Euripides. In the play Medea, the protagonist Medea learns that her husband Jason breaks every vow and betrays her by taking another woman to bed.Feeling offraged and hurt, Medea decides to take revenge. She carries out her intent successfully and the play concludes with Medea escaping finish to Athens. Throughout the play, two distinct concepts of beliefs and point of views are revealed in the two main characters of the play, Medea and Jason. Medea sees the world through the views of passion whereas Jason sees the world through the views of yard. The main char acters express an extremity of either passion or precedent which leads them to their witness down settle moreover, through some(prenominal) Medea and Jasons actions, the efficiency and weakness of each attribute is revealed.According to the Oxford Dictionary, passion is define as a strong and barely controllable emotion and a state or burst of strong emotion. The protagonist of the play, Medea, demonstrates an excessive passion which leads her to destruction. The strongest factor that contributes to Medeas un primerable passion is her uttermost(prenominal) turn over it away for Jason. In the beginning of the play the nurse mourns that, Medeas heart on fire with passionate dear for Jason nor would she have persuaded the daughters of Pelias to kill their father and she herself helped Jason in every way (P. 1).The protagonist passionate love for Jason deceives her thoughts and leaves her with slide fastener but hope for Jasons love. However, Medeas hope strips and shatters to pieces when she learns that Jason has left her for another woman. Medea explains to the chorus that, It has broken her heart. She is finished. (P. 8). Medea simply wishes to die. However, Medeas suicidal bear in mind fades away as her excessive passion feeds upon her hatred and rage which leads her to uncalled acts of revenge. She calls out to the gods to pray that she may see Jason, him and his bride and their entire place hattered for the wrong they dare to do her without cause (P. 6). prompt by animosity, Medea successfully murders the Princess and the king. However, lost in the sea of hatred Medea then decides to kill her own children (P. 26). From her own actions, Medea destroys everything that she cares for due to an excessive in both love and hatred. Medeas superfluous love makes her sacrifice her family, status, and home. Furthermore, Medeas actions due to hatred destroy her future. For example, to achieve ultimate revenge, Medea kills her own two sons to make Jason suf fer.However, at the identical time Medea whole tone the pain herself. She shares in Jasons sorrow (P. 44). The killing of her own children will make her smelling a invigorationlong agony. For Medea, love does not simply turn to abhorrence. A main cause of this explosive shift in passion is Jasons betrayal. Also to Medea, it is her redundant and hurtful pride that unleashes the hate inside(a) her. Many times throughout the play Medea expresses For it is not bearable to be mocked by enemies (P. 26). Medea cannot allow others to trick at her misfortune and only through the murder of her enemies could she feel redeemed and her pride restored.Reason defined by Oxford Dictionary means to think, understand and form judg custodyt logical systemally. Through his own excessive reasoning, the resister of the story, Jason, falls to destruction. Firstly in his mind, Jason sees everything to be explained by reason. Jason betrays Medea by marrying the Princess of Corinth. His purpose for s uch a insensate hearted action is simply that they might live well, and not be short of anything (P. 18). To Jason, all the betraying is just a desperate act in hope to have what is best for the family. Secondly, in Jasons mind he never expects Medea to act irrationally because he neglects her feelings.In Jasons eyes it would have been for better far for men to have gotten their children in some other way, and women not to have existed (P. 18). Jason believes that the only reason and decreed issue of marriage is children. Another example is when Jason argues that, women have got such a state of mind that, if their life at night is good, they think they have everything but, if in that quarter things go wrong, they will consider their best and truest engagement most hateful (P. 18). Jason thinks that Medea is outraged because he took another woman to chamber. In addition, because he disregardedMedeas love for him, he does not take into consideration that it is his betrayal that o utrages Medea. Having too much reasoning and too humble passion, Jason is left with nothing but hopeless and misery. Jasons inability to see Medeas revenge causes him to fall from the top to the bottom leaving him with nothing no power, wealth, family, bloodlines and respect. In his last conversation with Medea, Jason cries that, for him remains to prognosticate aloud upon his fate, who will get no pleasure from his newly wedded love, and the boys whom he begot and brought up, never shall he speak to them alive.Oh, his life is over (P. 44). Medeas final blow to Jasons life is providing him with a prophecy about his death. In his character, Jasons ratio of reason to passion is surely not proportional which blinds him from seeing Medeas unreason thus his downfall resulted. Everyone in society has both passion and reason. No one has one without the other. some(prenominal) passion and reason have its own strengths and weakness which expresses through the main characters of Medea. T hrough the behaviors of Medea, many strength and weakness of passion are seen.For Medea, Passion is able to become strength and motivation for her reprisal. In text, Medeas abundant love for Jason causes her to do anything for him, including sacrificing her own family. On the other hand, Medeas excessive hatred overpowers her mind and becomes overboard with her actions. For instance, Medea plans Next after killing the princess for she shall kill her own children (P. 26). Medea killing her own children will surely be the most evil act of humanity and all result from immoderate passion. Also, positive and negative aspects of logic are shown through Jasons arguments.Strength of being rational is to be able to think about the positive and negative of things before making a decision. For example, when Jason arrives here from the land of Iolcus he is, in every kind of difficulty, he exclaims, what luckier chance could he have come across than this, an exile to marry the daughter of the k ing? (P. 18). The outcomes of Jasons plan have far more advantages than disadvantages. However, an extremity of reasoning may lead to neglecting the feelings of others. For instance, Jason neglects Medeas love.Even though both have positive and negative aspects, in Euripides view having excessive passion is better than excessive reasoning. He consummates the play with Medea having her triumph and escaping to Athens with such a chariot has Helius, her fathers father tending(p) her to defend from her enemies (P. 43). With Medea having the final victory, readers may tell that Euripides chooses passion over reason. One may think, without the ability to feel and to have emotions, human would be no different from robots. These qualities are what make one human.The play Medea justifies both Christian Nestell Bovees point, The passions are like fire, useful in a thousand ways and dangerous only in one, through their excess and Lord Dunsanys view, Logic, like whiskey, loses its beneficial e ffect when taken in too large quantities . The extremity of passion and reason are revealed in the play Medea. Jason contend a role of a rationalist and Medea an irrationalist. Via Medeas superfluous passion, disastrous events occur in which sin and grief will accompany Medea for the rest of her life. On the other hand, Jason is left with nothing due to his shrill logical mind.His inconsideration for feelings and desire for acquisition are all causes of Jasons denouement. Through the events in the story, properties, reason and passion have its own strength and weakness. Too much passion could lead to poor choices. On the contrary, de trop reasoning could lead one to a stone-heart. Both Jason and Medea possess an extremity of passion or reason which proves to be their hamartia. Even though each attribute has its own strength and weakness people should have a harmonic balance between reason and passion. Only then would one be exalted in making decisions. Just like in life, everyth ing needs to have a balance.

My Virtual Child Final Paper Essay

With what I oblige learned from the My Virtual Child program, I now understand the complexities of raising and guiding a tiddler. unmingled decisions made during infancy great deal affect a child long term, corporeally, cognitively, and even emotionally. To make pregnant developmental decisions cannot simply be classified as a challenge, it is one of the hardest things parents experience. Making decisions for ones self, as opposed to making decisions for ones child is so challenging that most batch will not understand until they give birth children. Even with the realistic impression this program has, I would act to say that even the majority of my classmates and I do not understand parenting difficulties to the fullest extent. In terms of physical and motor development, Noah was above rea intelligenceable at a young duration and this go byd on by means of his early childhood. My virtual accomplice and I never had trouble acquire Noah to eat and once a bed conviction r discloseine was established only on occasion would he have trouble sleeping by dint of the night. In my opinion, I would classify Noah as an easy baby. He adapted to most situations rather chop-chop and the majority of the period was very happy, precisely easy to calm if a tense situation occurred.As for his emotional well-being, it was reported in a parenting questionnaire when Noah was four that I scored in the average range in affection and warmth. Noah had a great family relationship with his father, baby, and myself and demonstrated a secure attachment from an early age. Noah was a very social boy he had a close group of friends that stayed ab bulge out the same from the time he was in grade inculcate until he graduated. Noah excelled in school from the very beginning, and continued to authorize his academic challenges until he graduated high school. He was accepted into Honors and AP level classes as a soph and scored above average in most all of his classes. Noah was pretty well rounded, and for the most part did average if not excellent in most activities he partook in. He was active in sports at a young age but I knew that wasnt his passion from the beginning. He was avery tuneful person and showed his interest and love for it in middle school. At age 12 he was contend the saxophone in the middle school band, joined the high school jazz band, he sang, and taught himself to turn of events the guitar. From the beginning I mentation I would take on an authoritative parenting style, but I conceptualise at the end I realized I was hovering somewhere in between authoritative and authoritarian.At first I didnt want to admit it to myself but looking defend I have no regrets because it cyphermed to work out for both Noah and our family. Growing up I always thought my parents were a little tough on me, perhaps a bit old school but my parenting decisions seemed to mirror theirs. Also, my sister now has two daughters and I have look outed my sis ter and her husband raise them. My sister reads a lot of parenting books and blogs and has shared a lot with me. objet dart raising Noah, I took some of what I had read into account and made some decisions based on the research. On occasion, my boyfriend would participate with me and military service me make decisions on how to raise Noah. With all of these resources I count that the majority of decisions made were for the silk hat, and Noah was raised to the top hat of my abilities. At age six, Noah told me that he thought I was as nice to him as other parents and that I had as m whatever rules as they did too. I was surprised that at such a young age he was aware of what other parents were doing but I cogitate by the time he got a little older, I got a little stricter.He was expected to do household chores and keep up with homework, but he was able to negotiate times and an allowance for all of this to get done. However, I did not use money as an incentive for good grades t hat was expected from both my partner and me. Reflecting on how this may have affected his development I think that this was good for Noah because it challenged him to prioritize his time, for both things that he take to do and things that he wanted to do (i.e. hang out with friends, participate in extracurricular activities, etc.). At one point, Noah was frustrated with me because he thought I did not allow him to do things his friends parents let them do. At the time I was a little confused because Noah was able to negotiate most anything he wanted but there was always a price chores or family time. Neither of which I thought were ridiculous of my partner or me to ask. Either way, I do not regret my choices because Noah turned out to be very happy, he had a great family values, and when he applied for colleges he was accepted toseveral and genuine a scholarship from a prestigious institution. With guidance from my partner and me, Noah made the right decisions for him that I believe worked out for the best. Looking back, I do not believe that I would have made any major changes to how I decided to raise Noah. I may have time-tested to encourage him to be a little to a greater extent active, but only to ensure his health.Whether it was sports or simply working out I would rather he live a healthy, active aliveness, than a sedentary life. However, with all of the activities that Noah participated in I am not sure he would have been able to dedicate enough time to keep it consistent. Outside of that, I may have given Noah a little bit more freedom because at one point he decided to demonstrate his independence by getting a tattoo with his girlfriend. This was very disappointing to me, simply because I dont think it was a decision he should have made at sixteen with his high school girlfriend. As I previously mentioned, I believe that Noah had a secure attachment with both my partner and me. An examiner famous at Noahs 19-month developmental testing tha t it was clear we were a secure base for him and we were encouraged to continue with the same parenting practices (Berk, 2014, pp. 187). As a toddler he often ventured off to explore, but would always dampen back to make sure we were still there for him. Also, when Noah was an infant and I attempted to go back to work, he would act very distressed when I left.When I returned home Noah seemed more than happy to see me and for the majority of the following evening he demanded almost constant attention (Berk, 2014, pp. 197). It was clear that Noah preferred my partner or me to a stranger and instead of taking him to daycare we had to ask a family member to watch Noah while we were at work. At age four we noticed that Noah was somewhat rigid with sexual practice roles. He had gender schemas established for both men and women and did not stray from his beliefs very often. Once while Noah was in the car with me, I was pulled over by a female police officer and Noah did not believe that she was a real officer because she was a woman. At the time, Noah could have been classified as a gender-schematic child because he identified the behaviors of men and women as either masculine or feminine (Berk, 2014, pp. 277). This was something that my partner and I had trouble with until Noah was about six. We attempted to model non-stereotypical behaviors for men and women to break Noahs initial ideas about gender roles and to open his mind to the varietyof roles both men and women can take on.For example, he often tried to help his father or mimic what he was doing, so his father began cooking in the kitchen and enquire for Noahs help. From that point on he seemed to better understand the range of tasks both men and women can do. Early on it was evident that Noah was a musically gifted child. At age six he started taking piano lessons and singing aloud to the songs he would play. This continued to be a passion of his throughout his adolescent years. He participated in the mid dle school band, playing the saxophone, and because of how talented he was the high school jazz band recruited Noah to be a member of their group. Even more impressive to my partner and me at the time, Noah began to play the guitar and that was primarily self-taught. According to Howard Gardner, Noah would have been categorized as a musically intelligent soul (Berk, 2014, pp. 312). I believe that my partner and I instilled Noah with the ability to recognize the difference in actions that were right versus actions that were wrong. He had a strong set of morals and values that were shaped, yet not entirely created by us.While at a competition with his vocal group from school a few of the members stole trinkets from a store and were caught. Noah agreed with their punishment and was aware of how wrong their decisions were. However, he based his recognition of these immoral actions on how the children let down their parents, coach and teammates while taking part in the unlawful activiti es. This could be classified as conventional level moral understanding (Berk, 2014, pp. 408). To Noah, these were wrong choices because they were wrong in the eyes of society. I urged Noah to hypothetically think about how the situation may have been different than what he thought I suggested that maybe his teammates stole medicine for a sick teammate. With that I attempted to encourage Noah to use more post-conventional judgment, where he could define morality with abstract ideas as opposed to those ideas set for him by society (Berk, 2014, pp. 408). Although parenting was a challenge, I dont believe I would have done it any differently than what I did. There were ups and downs however that is expected in any type of relationship.Once finished with the program I was a little disappointed I didnt get more feedback on how Noah finished out in life. However, I was very happy with Noahs development and was glad to know that, the majority of the time, the best decision was made. With th e skill set that he had acquired I believethat Noah was prepared to lead a fortunate and happy life. A very intelligent and capable young adult, he was prepared for nearly anything his life intended him to encounter. Having said that, I have no regrets with the decisions I made for my virtual son and could not be happier with the person he turned out to be.ReferencesBerk, L.A. (2014). Development through the Lifespan. Boston Pearson.